Sentencing Prison and Considerable Discretion Essay Example

Sentencing: Prison and Considerable Discretion Essay Sentencing CJA 234 Sentencing is directly tied to punishment and we see that the state and federal government agree on five objectives that a punishment is intended to bring in an offender. The five objectives are incapacitation, deterrence, restitution, retribution, rehabilitation, depending on the discretion of the Judge and the circumstances surround how the crime was committed the sentence will be amid at accomplishing one of these. Here is how the five objectives work: 1. Incapacitation: is designed to remove the offender from society thus removing the opportunity to commit crimes or arm, or execution of the offender for extremely gross and horrific crimes. 2. Deterrence: as other individuals are punished and sentenced to fines and incarceration for crimes, others will be deterred from committing those crimes or similar ones. 3. Restitution: This focuses on the fact that an offender has wronged the victim and must pay for his action either in some sort of incarceration sentence or service to the community. In civil case this means the violator will pay a court decided amount to the victim. 4. Retribution: This is the way of the old world and best displayed in the Hammurabis Code. This is an eye for an eye; an offender should be punished for what he did whether that is with his life or with hard labor. 5. Rehabilitation: This is most common in our prisons today, attempting to treat the offender by either giving them skills to be productive citizens or treating an emotional aliment. The goal for this is to treat and release a productive citizen back to society. We will write a custom essay sample on Sentencing: Prison and Considerable Discretion specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sentencing: Prison and Considerable Discretion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sentencing: Prison and Considerable Discretion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Affects of Sentencing on Corrections Sentencing directly affects the entire correctional system regardless if it state or federal, this is due to the fact that sentences given to guilty offenders are served in orrectional institutions or under the supervision of correctional agencies. If sentencing is lenient then you will see that correction system will have a lower number of inmates and clients, yet when the sentencing is harasser you will see huge increases in prison population and with the clients in correctional that we see either at the state or federal level will directly lead to more offenders serving longer or mandatory sentences. As best described in our reading The first is the Judicial form of sentencing, in which Judges are granted considerable discretion in sentencing decisions. Under this form, penal codes create broad ranges of llowable sentences for each crime; allow Judges to decide whether to grant a sentence of probation or incarceration; and, if sending the offender to prison, define a broad range of the length of time to be served. The second is the administrative form of sentencing, which grants considerable discretion to officials of the executive branch of government. This includes prison officials in the award of good time and parole board members in determining when inmates will be released. More recently, the legislative form of sentencing has come to dominate sentencing across many states and the federal government. This approach grants most of the discretion to the legislative branch of government; legislative bodies create penal codes with determinate sentences and little (or no) discretion available to Judges. Legislative forms of sentencing include mandatory minimum sentences, presumptive sentencing, and the use of sentencing guidelines. (Seiter 2011). The discretion giving to either Judges or legislative branch on sentencing has been seen in recent years as we all know the over population in California prisons has gain the attention of the federal government. Due to tough on repeat offender legislation that had been assed we see that sentencing minimums were set higher for repeat offenders causing prison population to explode, this is a vivid example of how sentencing affects prisons overall. Sentencing Models There are many thoughts on how sentencing should and should not be done and regulated, so we see that there are many models individuals hold to. The most common models are determinate and indeterminate sentencing which are the ones widely used by both state and federal courts. Indeterminate sentences blend the decision by the sentencing Judge and a later decision by a release authority to etermine the actual time served. At the time of sentencing, Judges sentence offenders to indeterminate sentences, with a minimum and maximum amount of time to be served (for example, two to five years or ten to twenty years). After serving the minimum term, offenders are eligible to be released and their cases are reviewed by a parole board Determinate sentences are sentences of fixed terms. Offenders are eligible for release following the completion of the time to be served (for example, five years). Determinate sentences are not reviewed by anybody and offenders are not subject to release by parole boards. When offenders complete their sentence terms, they are released. Determinate sentences were used throughout the eighteenth century in the United States. Sentencing Judges were believed to have the most informed knowledge of offenders and the amount of time needed to punish them and deter them from further crimes. Therefore, Judges were granted considerable discretion in determining the prescribed sentence. (Seiter 2011). As we see in this portion from the reading that indeterminate sentence give a blend of discretion both to the Judge and rather the board that will review an offender for elease, while determinate sentences offer no such wiggle room and are sentences that must be served in full. The model that I feel is most appropriate is the deliberate act of individual knowingly violating the law and cause harm or loss of freedom to another individual. I feel that if criminals and offenders knew that they would be sentenced quickly and have to serve a hard sentence in full they would decide not to commit the crime. I feel this is because career criminals have been in and out of the system and they know that if they do certain things when an ndeterminate model is used they can get released earlier if that simple go along or pretend to be successful in programs while in prison. This has breed a portion of prison culture in the fact that offenders commit crime with the foreknowledge that if they play along and behave in prison they will only serve a fraction of the sentence that is given to them. The end goal of our prison should be to have a recidivism rate of zero percent and to find an effective way of accomplishing this and I strongly feel that if a determinate model is fully enforced we can move forward towards that goal.

How to Choose the Career and Where to Find Guidance

How to Choose the Career and Where to Find Guidance Guiding Lines for the Career Choosing Process It is a rare case when the person thinks of the future career since school. In most cases, students start choosing possible future profession after school graduation and entering college. And even then they use as guiding lines the opinion of their parents, teachers, and peers. It is normal to consider various points of view. But you need to realize that the last word should always be yours and it should not be affected or altered with someone’s opinion. This is your life choice, and you will be the one who will have to deal with it. We hope that recommendations from our article will help you in defining your path. Usually, students think that their education defines their career. And in most cases this is true. While you study at the college or university, even in school, you gain valuable knowledge that you will be able to use in your potential profession. From another point of view, we can for sure find people, whose career is connected with completely different disciplines they study at university. The author of this article has the same story. I have graduated from Harvard Business School and get an MBA degree. But now I work as a writer and blogger and provide recommendations for students and beginners on the professional paths. While I do not directly use my degree, the received knowledge and skills still are very useful in my work now. For instance, this is about writing, researching and communicating. But having an education, especially a higher one provides more opportunities today. You can receive assistance from the writing professionals to create the best essay in order to raise your chances to reach the target school. Top Career Choices of 2018-2019 The main criteria should be your passion. But earning money is an important aspect as well. Even the most attractive work can exhaust you without bringing sufficient sums of money. You need to consider the fact that you will have to provide your life, and you need enough money. You may check the following list of careers that are well-paid and in a way interesting: Dentist (or another position in the dental industry). Biomedical field (vet, for instance). Sports fitness (consider the industry that helps people to keep fit and healthy). IT industry (we all now know how this field is rewarded). Nursing (you may have good career perspectives there as well). Health administration (saving lives is both rewarding and significant). Law business law (protect justice and human rights). This list shows that the basic required careers remain the same for the last decade. It is a result of technological development. Apart from this list and your thoughts, you can ask for help in career counseling. How to Find a Job that Brings Pleasure? Now let’s discuss more what can help you to make the right career choice considering your own wishes and passion. If you want to find a job that will be rewarding in a financial and emotional way, then you need to read the following factors. What are your hobbies and interests? (for instance, if you are passionate about the music, you do not have to think of the musician career only, as you can also become a great manager for a band or the stage technician); What is your education? (choose the specialization on your own to implement your desires for the future); How you make decisions? (in most cases, to reach the career success you need to be good at decision making); What makes you happy? What you hate doing? What are your language skills (this aspect is important for international students); What are your time management skills? (this is important wherever you work); What your cultural specifications? Do you have any previous working experience? (This element can be valuable in your resume even of your last job was not connected with your desired one); What opportunities and threads do industries interesting to you have? What are your communicational and interpersonal skills? What are your life and family values? What are your financial requirements for your monthly needs? That is all you need to keep in mind. Unfortunately, we cannot exclude the financial factor. The whole modern world is based on the economy and money, so you need to have a decent living level first of all. That is why career choice should be affected by the financial opportunities as well. Considering the approximate salary, you can make some necessary calculations. Think of how much money you spend days and what monthly expenses you have/might have. Then mark the salary requirements considering this information. Do not stop your choice on the first decent opportunity. Do some researches and learn about the potential position as much as possible. Keep in mind that your career should not be like slavery. Your work should be fairly rewarded and the received finances should cover all your basic needs at least. Think of the profession as an opportunity for personal growth instead of being a part of a big corporation for the rest of your life. But everything is suitable for the first start. So you can get your potential employer interested by providing an excellent companion letter along with your resume. You can order quality writing in order to save time.

Islam Economic System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Islam Economic System - Essay Example Islam is a significant, growing, and dynamic presence in the world. (Microsoft Encarta 2007) "Though 'Capitalistic' in nature, the Islamic economic system is not, however, based on the European or American capitalist economic principles, which in no way heed moral or ethical conceptions. The Islamic system obeys fully and unconditionally the dictates of moral and ethical doctrines. The difference between the Islamic and the capitalist economic systems is thus a cardinal and fundamental one. "The Islamic economic system also laid down the principle of the equality of value between labor and capital, by recognizing that labor should be accorded equal consideration with capital--in fact that it can itself be regarded as form of 'capital'. (https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no34563.htm - 3k ) Islam's economic system is not merely a matter of broad appeal to voluntary charity; rather, it gives a more comprehensive approach or view of economic life, which in turn is based on the basic teaching in the tenets of Islam. Despite the universality of the Islamic laws, the economic systems could vary since there are communist, socialist, capitalist, and Islamic economic systems. Each is based on goals, principals, or philosophies which are quite unique to that particular ideology. Islam recognized that humans will unde... om the buying of food, taking ownership of property, selling goods, investment, agriculture, taking loans, exchanging currency, taking up employment and giving work, setting up a company, importing and exporting abroad, disposing of assets etc. In this regard, Islam made a distinction between the economic system and economic science i.e. it views them as two separate issues. This is because there is a fundamental difference between the method of production of goods and services (economic science) from the manner of their distribution (economic system). The production of goods and services follow no particular viewpoint in life. A conveyor belt is neither Capitalist, Islamic nor is Communist .It is universal. Questions as to how processes can be made more technological, how mechanisms and robots can improve productivity and how inventions can improve the process of manufacturing do not follow any specific viewpoint in life. This means basic facts on productivity, marketing and manufacturing (economic science) remain the same irrespective of belief or location. This is similar to scientific facts. These are the same whether in China or the US because they are not influenced by any belief. They are questions based upon the reality i.e. understanding the reality at hand leads one to a conclusion. So the fact Inflation occurs when there is too much money chasing too few goods does not change if one is a Christian or if an atheist becomes Muslim or if one moves form China to the US. This is no different to the fact that wood burns whatever your religion or weather you're in the UK or the North Pole. The distribution of resources, how goods and services should be given to the public, whether they should go to the rich or the orphans, aristocracy or the landlords is not a